Assignment 1 is Thesis Critique and Assignment 2 Article Critique Essay

Assignment 1 is Thesis Critique and Assignment 2 Article Critique - Essay Example The study is important in that it contributes to the creation of more theoretical knowledge in the field of study, through creating a clear understanding of alcoholism and the factors that contributes to such a practice. In contributing to the theoretical knowledge, the study differentiates the normal contributory factors to alcoholism, to display the particular ones that are related to individuals with parental responsibilities (Kalekye, 2010). Additionally, the study contributes to more knowledge in the field of study by providing new methodologies, policies, and practices applicable in controlling this practice. The study suggests how rehabilitation, counseling, and family support can be applied to help such individuals overcome the addiction and take up the parental responsibilities. However, the study lacks well-defined research variables. Sampling Techniques and Sample The samples for use in the study were obtained from the central province of Kenya, arguably since it is the mo st affected of all the regions. Random sampling was used to identify the households from which individuals will be sampled. Stratified and systematic sampling techniques were used to identify the particular individuals who will be investigated from such households (Kalekye, 2010). Thus, a sample of 1054 households, consisting of 3172 individuals with parental responsibilities was applied for the study, running between 2008 and 2010. In consideration of the whole Kenyan population, and in regard to the diversity of the Kenyan communities, some of which consider alcoholism as a taboo, then this sample is not representative of the total population, and thus the findings may not be reliable to give the actual situation Design, Procedure, Instrumentation The study has effectively referred to previous studies undertaken in this field. A pilot study was also undertaken in 2008 (Kalekye, 2010). The study also analyzed references, by undertaking a literature review, such as reviewing the UNE SCO report of 2009 and the NACADA of 2010. Such evaluation was the basis of formation of the research hypothesis, which postulated that, there is a high rate of parental alcoholism and alcohol abuse in central Kenya region, more than in any other part of the country (Kalekye, 2010). Another hypothesis was that the children and spouses of alcoholics are more likely to be involved in alcohol and other drugs abuse (Kalekye, 2010). The study has stated its problem, objectives, and hypothesis in a clear and understandable manner. Both Quantitative and qualitative methodologies were applied under the study. Questionnaires and interview guide were applied as the data collection instruments, which were more appropriate for the study. The rationale of applying such instruments is that it would take less time to administer and collect information, while also affording an opportunity to apply observation, which gives the real picture of the situation However, the sample considered was not suff icient to give reliable basis of the findings on the study. The procedure of the study is well defined; where the study first embarked on a pilot study in 2008. This was followed by developing and refining interview questions as well questionnaires. Then, the questions and questionnaires were administered and

Executives Pay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Executives Pay - Essay Example Furthermore, the article argues that shortage of good executives would drive pay up even further in the future. The top 250 executives do not have a big difference in talent; it's merely a case of the size of the company these executives run. Also, Lucian Bebchuk argues that pay is not parallel to performance or productivity, and that CEO's take great care to hide their true compensation. The practices of the bankers brought the financial system on the brink of collapse. After help from taxpayer dollars, the financial system is getting back to normal and paychecks are reaching are in line with financial recovery. These are times of rising unemployment and executives are using all forms of power within their reach to stop any reforms from the government. Is the U.S. government ready to take on the bankers just yet Mr. Summers criticized the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and their campaign of forming an agency to protect consumers against financial abuses. But apart from this, a major change in the way executives are paid is required. Executives are paid huge amounts when they deliver short term profits, but they aren't punished when their short term decisions turn into long-term barriers for growth and profit. They walk away with their rewards, leaving their corporation in trouble and hence, pushing the financial system into rubble. The Fed wants to enact laws which would decrease executive salaries if banks face losses, and it would make it compulsory for banks to link pay with long term results rather than short term. The administration's stance on reforming pay structure is not just a populist stance, but also good politics and good economics. Outline II-Economic Analysis A Contrarian Look at Whether U.S. Chief Executives Are Overpaid According to this article, CEO Pay is measured by the increase or decrease in the stock value of the company. In the past two decades, pay has increased in line with increases in the market capitalization of corporations. The writer is off the opinion that increases in stock value is a sign that economic decisions made by the executives are quality ones, and hence, they deserve high pay. Another argument that they present is the fact that the number of companies is more relative to the number of good executives. Therefore, an executive or CEO who worked for a big company would easily get a CEO position in another company and get paid high salary. Part of the reason for this is the shortage of CEO's in the United States. Perhaps, the demand and supply in other countries is at a better equilibrium and this has resulted in lower relative salaries. The advocates of reformed pay structure argue that high pay is correlated to bad governance and is not related to productivity. Reform or Bust This article points out that since executives are not punished when their corporation faces loss, but given rewards when their decisions cause short term profits, it facilitates excessive risk taking on part of the executives. Executives take risk because there is no accountability. Furthermore, the author of the article says that the Fed is considering making it compulsory for banks to link pay with long term performance. This would make CEO's more accountable and would urge them to try their best