Children in China essays

Children in China essays Chinese do not begin dating until their early twenties. They usually only date a couple people, sometimes only one, before they choose their mate. Most people do not marry until an average age of 25 to 30 years of age. Children usually live with their parents until they are married. Traditionally, after marriage, the newlyweds would move in with the husbands family. It is becoming typical for the newlyweds to move into their own apartment after a short honeymoon. By Chinese law, families are only allowed to have one child. China began enforcing a one-child policy in the early 80's. Couples residing in urban areas were only allowed to have one child. In some rural areas, couples were allowed to have more than one child after a gap of at least four years. Leaders of China have always been trying to slow the population. China is the only country to ever enforce a one-child family policy. Billboards and radio messages tell people that it is patriotic to have fewer children. Families with only one child are given rewards such as higher wages and larger apartments. Disciplinary measures for those who have more than one child can include fines, withholding of social services, demotion, and other punishments that can include loss of employment. Fines for not abiding by the one child policy can vary depending on where you live. Today, the harsh one-child policy is still enforced but not as strictly. The estimated fertility rate of women in China is at 2.1 births per woman. This shows that the one-child policy does not apply to most couples. The policy mostly affects families in urban areas. Families in these areas must still get permission from the government to have a child. If couples in urban areas were only children themselves, they might now receive permission to have two children. In rural areas of China, families with more than one child are becoming the normality. Families in rural areas have an average ...

3 Causes of Deindustrialization

3 Causes of Deindustrialization Deindustrialization is the process by which manufacturing declines in a society or region as a proportion of total economic activity. It is the opposite of industrialization, and therefore sometimes represents a step backward in the growth of a society’s economy. Causes of Deindustrialization There are a number of reasons why a society might experience a reduction in manufacturing and other heavy industry. A consistent decline in employment in manufacturing, due to social conditions that make such activity impossible (states of war or environmental upheaval). Manufacturing requires access to natural resources and raw materials, without which production would be impossible. At the same time, the rise of industrial activity has done great harm to the very natural resources on which industry depends. In China, for example, industrial activity is responsible for record levels of water depletion and pollution, and in 2014 more than a quarter of the countrys key rivers were deemed unfit for human contact. The consequences of this environmental degradation are making it more difficult for China to sustain its industrial output. The same is happening in other parts of the world where pollution is on the rise.A shift from manufacturing to service sectors of the economy. As countries develop, manufacturing often declines as production is shifted to trading partners where the costs of labor are l ower. This is what happened to the garment industry in the United States. According to a 2016 report by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, apparel experienced the largest decrease among all manufacturing industries with a decrease of 85 percent [over the last 25 years]. Americans are still buying as many clothes as ever, but most apparel companies have moved production overseas. The result is a relative shift in employment from the manufacturing sector to the service sector. A trade deficit whose effects preclude investment in manufacturing. When a country purchases more goods than it sells, it experiences a trade imbalance, which can reduce the resources needed to support domestic manufacturing and other production. In most cases, the trade deficit must become severe before it begins to have a negative effect on manufacturing. Is Deindustrialization Always a Negative? It is easy to view deindustrialization as the result of a suffering economy. In some cases, though, the phenomenon is actually the result of a maturing economy. In the United States, for example, the â€Å"jobless recovery† from the financial crisis of 2008 resulted in deindustrialization without an actual decline in economic activity. Economists Christos Pitelis and Nicholas Antonakis suggest that improved productivity in manufacturing (due to new technology and other efficiencies) leads to a reduction in the cost of goods; these goods then make up a smaller relative portion of the economy in terms of overall GDP. In other words, deindustrialization is not always what it looks like. An apparent reduction may in fact just be the result of increased productivity relative to other economic sectors. Similarly, changes in the economy like those brought about by free trade agreements may lead to a decline in domestic manufacturing. However, these changes usually have no adverse effects on the health of multinational corporations with the resources to outsource manufacturing.